Marine Resource Sustainability in Coastal Areas: A Social–Ecological Systems Perspective from Saria Village, West Halmahera

Abstract

Halmahera Island possesses substantial coastal resource potential, particularly in the fisheries sector, which serves as a primary pillar of the local economy. Saria Village, located in Jailolo District, West Halmahera Regency, covers an area of approximately 5.41 km² and is inhabited by 709 residents. The village’s demographic structure demonstrates a strong dependence on the fisheries sector, reflected in the 117 productive-age residents (18 years and above) who work as fishers, accounting for around 70% of the local workforce. This study aims to describe the relationship between marine resource potential and the socio-ecological conditions of the fishing community in Saria Village. Employing a qualitative–descriptive approach through interviews with fishers and village officials as well as field observations, the study finds that capture fisheries activities generate significant income, supported by the diversity of vessel types and local ecological knowledge, including patterns of fish seasons, lunar phases, and the use of fish aggregation devices (rompong). However, the sustainability of this sector faces several constraints, such as the non-functional cold storage facility, limited energy supply, high-wave risks, and concerns regarding potential pollution arising from the planned operation of a geothermal company in Idamdehe Village. These findings underscore the need for improved fisheries infrastructure, adequate energy provision, and community-involved environmental monitoring to ensure the sustainability of coastal ecosystems and maintain economic stability in Saria Village.