Indonesia’s Medical Commercialization and Patient Protection: Examining the Limits of Business Interests

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Issue
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Social
Published: Sep 21, 2026
Keywords:
Healthcare Commercialization,
Medical Treatment,
Patient Rights,
Patient Protection,
Health Law Komersialisasi Kesehatan,
Tindakan Medis,
Hak Pasien,
Perlindungan Pasien,
Hukum Kesehatan

Main Article Content

Lulut Dyah Wardani
Universitas Janabadra, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

The commercialization of healthcare services has expanded alongside the growing involvement of business mechanisms in healthcare facilities and medical services. A legal problem arises when economic interests potentially influence medical decisions and shift the orientation of care from patients’ needs toward commercial interests. This study aims to analyze the legal construction of medical treatment commercialization, determine the boundaries of business interests in protecting patient rights, and formulate a patient-oriented reconstruction of those boundaries. This normative legal study employs statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. Legal materials were analyzed through inventory, classification, comparison, interpretation, and synthesis of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and related regulations. The findings show that Indonesian positive law permits the commercialization of healthcare services but limits the influence of economic interests on medical decisions. The legal gap lies in the absence of an integrated framework that consolidates existing norms concerning medical necessity, professional independence, informed consent, transparency, patient safety, and accountability into unified supervisory parameters. This study offers a conceptual reconstruction by integrating these six parameters to distinguish permissible commercialization of healthcare services from restricted commercialization of medical decisions. The model positions business interests as part of healthcare administration, but not as a basis for determining medical treatment.

Article Details

How to Cite
Wardani, L. D. (2026). Indonesia’s Medical Commercialization and Patient Protection: Examining the Limits of Business Interests. Sociale : Journal of Social and Political Sciences, 2(2), 315–342. https://doi.org/10.69836/sociale.v2i2.946
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Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author Biography

Lulut Dyah Wardani, Universitas Janabadra, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Lulut Dyah Wardani, S.H., M.H., C.Me. adalah Advokat, Legal Consultant, Mediator, dan Entrepreneur dengan minat akademik dan profesional pada hukum kesehatan, hukum bisnis, perlindungan konsumen, penyelesaian sengketa, serta pengembangan kewirausahaan. Berbekal latar belakang pendidikan hukum dan pengalaman profesional lintas bidang, ia aktif mengembangkan kajian hukum sekaligus mengimplementasikan pengetahuan hukum dalam praktik profesional dan kewirausahaan. Ia merupakan Founder and Owner SkinYou Aestheticology, sebuah usaha yang bergerak di bidang kecantikan dan perawatan kesehatan kulit, yang menjadi ruang pengembangan kompetensi dalam manajemen, inovasi, tata kelola bisnis, dan pelayanan profesional. Dalam bidang akademik, aktivitasnya meliputi penelitian dan publikasi ilmiah dengan fokus pada isu hukum kontemporer. Karya ilmiah yang telah dipublikasikan meliputi Juridical Review of the Role of the Civil Service Police Unit of Yogyakarta City in Enforcing the Yogyakarta City Regional Regulation on Waste Management, Disharmony of Criminal Norms in Accountability for Illegal Skincare Distribution in Digital Marketplaces, serta The Paradox of Legal Protection for Victims of Dating Violence: Between Normative Fragmentation and Legal Certainty. Di luar aktivitas profesional dan akademik, ia memiliki minat pada literasi, olahraga, pembelajaran berkelanjutan, dan pengembangan kapasitas profesional.

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