Diplomasi Perdamaian China di Timur Tengah: Kepentingan Strategis dan Stabilitas Kawasan
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diplomasi perdamaian China di Timur Tengah melalui dua studi kasus utama, yaitu mediasi antara Arab Saudi dan Iran serta keterlibatan China dalam upaya rekonsiliasi antara Fatah dan Hamas. Dengan menggunakan konsep soft power, penelitian ini menganalisis diplomasi perdamaian China dan mengkaji bagaimana kepentingan strategis, sebagaimana dikonseptualisasikan dalam kerangka neorealisme, secara langsung membentuk arah serta batasan dari pendekatan diplomatik tersebut. Topik ini menjadi penting mengingat keberhasilan mediasi China dalam konflik Arab Saudi–Iran berdampak signifikan terhadap stabilitas kawasan dan mencerminkan perubahan dinamika kekuatan global, sementara keterlibatan China dalam konflik Fatah–Hamas menunjukkan keterbatasan pendekatan tersebut dalam konflik internal non-negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan analisis deskriptif-analitis, dengan data yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur terhadap sumber akademik, dokumen resmi, dan publikasi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi soft power China, yang diwujudkan melalui diplomasi ekonomi, posisi netral, dan prinsip non-intervensi, efektif dalam konflik antarnegara seperti Arab Saudi–Iran. Namun, dalam kasus Fatah–Hamas, pendekatan China lebih bersifat normatif dan simbolik karena keterbatasan leverage serta sensitivitas konflik internal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa diplomasi perdamaian China didorong oleh kepentingan strategis untuk menjaga stabilitas kawasan, sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas soft power sangat bergantung pada konteks konflik dan jenis aktor yang terlibat
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