Membangun Retensi: Bagaimana Keselamatan Kerja, Stres Kerja, dan Kelelahan Membentuk Turnover Intention di Industri Konstruksi Indonesia
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Abstrak
Tingginya tingkat turnover intention pada sektor konstruksi di Indonesia berisiko memicu pembengkakan biaya operasional, keterlambatan proyek, hingga penurunan kinerja organisasi secara keseluruhan. Kendati aspek keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3), stres kerja, serta kelelahan kerja kerap diidentifikasi sebagai pemicu keputusan pekerja untuk mengundurkan diri, pengujian secara simultan dalam lanskap industri konstruksi nasional masih minim dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengevaluasi peran ketiga faktor lingkungan kerja tersebut dalam memengaruhi turnover intention para pekerja proyek. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori, data dikumpulkan via survei terhadap 150 pekerja konstruksi dari berbagai proyek di Indonesia. Pengujian hipotesis dan analisis hubungan antarkonstruk kemudian dilakukan menggunakan metode Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan K3 yang optimal terbukti efektif menekan turnover intention. Sebaliknya, tingkat stres kerja yang tinggi menjadi pendorong utama meningkatnya kecenderungan pekerja untuk meninggalkan perusahaan. Sementara itu, kelelahan kerja tidak ditemukan memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap turnover intention. Secara keseluruhan, ketiga variabel tersebut mampu menjelaskan 35,8% variansi turnover intention, yang mengindikasikan tingkat daya jelasi model pada kategori moderat. Implikasi praktis dari studi ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan standar K3 dan intervensi manajemen stres yang terukur merupakan kunci utama dalam menjaga retensi tenaga kerja di industri konstruksi. Selain memperkaya literatur empiris mengenai dinamika SDM konstruksi di Indonesia, temuan ini menjadi rujukan strategis bagi manajemen dalam merancang lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman, sehat, dan berkelanjutan.
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