The Urgency of the Existence of Mujtahid in Inheritance Disputes (Islamic Inheritance Case in Decision Number 596/PDT.G/2023/PA.SKA)
Main Article Content
Abstract
Inheritance disputes in Islamic law often require the role of mujtahids, especially judges, in interpreting and applying legal rules to achieve justice for the parties. The aim of this research is to analyze the role of the mujtahid in an inheritance dispute case involving the status of joint property, inherited assets, and the existence of the heir's debts. Based on Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 which has been amended by Law Number 16 of 2019, as well as Article 97 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, judges must ensure that the distribution of assets is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law. In this case, the judge as mujtahid considered that the property in dispute was joint property that had not been divided, so that the testator's widow was entitled to half the share before distributing the inheritance to the other heirs. Apart from that, in determining the existence of the heir's debt, the judge used the evidentiary principle in Article 163 HIR and Article 174 HIR, where the defendant's confession at trial was perfect evidence regarding the acknowledged debt. The research method uses normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach. The research results show that the role of the mujtahid in this case is not only limited to applying the law textually, but also considering aspects of substantive justice by referring to legal arguments, trial facts, and the principles of justice in Islam. Thus, the application of ijtihad by the judge in this case ensures that the distribution of inheritance is carried out legally, fairly and in accordance with applicable law. In decision number 596/Pdt.G/2023/PA.SKA in inheritance disputes, the decision is only resolved between the two parties to the dispute, so according to the author there is a need for the presence of a mujtahid in the inheritance dispute to provide clear legal certainty.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Achmad Jarchosi. “Pelaksanaan Wasiat Wajibah.” ADHKI: Journal of Islamic Family Law 2, no. 1 (2020): 77–90. https://doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v2i1.34.
Apriani, Nabilah. “Aktualisasi Kedudukan Hukum Islam Dalam Perspektif Hukum Nasional Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 3, no. 2 (2022): 133–47. https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v3i2.185.
Chahnia, Juwi, Zulheldi Zulheldi, and Duski Samad. “Urgensi Hadis Dalam Dunia Pendidikan Islam.” RAZIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 2, no. 2 (2023): 179–87.
Faizal, Nadya. “Wasiat Wajibah Terhadap Anak Angkat ( Tinjauan Filsafat Hukum Islam Pasal 209 Kompilasi Hukum Islam ).” Jurnal Ar Risalah 2, no. 2 (2022): 266.
Halim, A. “Peranan Hukum Islam, Demokrasi Dan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Kehidupan Bernegara.” SCHOLASTICA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan 5, no. 2 (2023): 321–31.
Harahap, Sumper Mulia, and Raja Ritonga. “Konsep Dan Metode Penyelesaian Hitungan Bagian Warisan Dalam Kasus Waris Islam; Analisis Dan Aplikatif.” Al-Mizan 18, no. 1 (2022): 77–98. https://doi.org/10.30603/am.v18i1.2223.
Hartono, Hartono, Muchammad Abdul Basir, Muh Din Syamsul Hadi, Febriana Nurhaliza, and Lailatul Maulidya Hanafi. “Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Peradilan Islam Masa Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi.” Al-Usroh : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 2, no. 01 (2024): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.55799/alusroh.v2i01.498.
Intelek, Jurnal, and Insan Cendikia. “KONTEMPORER HUKUM ISLAM THE DYNAMICS OF IJTIHAD IN RESPONDING TO CONTEMPORARY,” 2025, 4405–14.
Jihad, Jundi Al, and Deni Irawan. “Hukum Waris Adat Pada Masyarakat Muslim Suku Kaili Perspektif Hukum Waris Islam.” Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora 10, no. 1 (2024): 128–39. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v10i1.2155.
Law, Indonesian National, Fatwa Ulama, and Hukum Nasional Indonesia. “Rahmad STIS Al-Hilal Sigli, Aceh, Email:” 18, no. 2 (2024): 76–87.
Mathar, Ahmad, Hardianti Hardianti, Misbahuddin Misbahuddin, and Kurniati Kurniati. “Islamic Legal Thought Implementation in Indonesia.” Journal of Social Science 3, no. 4 (2022): 898–905. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i4.386.
Royani, Esti. “Pembagian Harta Bersama Akibat Perceraian Yang Berkeadilan Pancasila.” Zahir Publishing 3 (2021): 1–285.
Tarmizi, Tarmizi, and Asni Zubair. “Toleransi Hukum Islam Terhadap Sistem Kewarisan Adat Di Indonesia.” Adhki: Journal of Islamic Family Law 4, no. 2 (2023): 131–47. https://doi.org/10.37876/adhki.v4i2.98.
Trixie, Elmira Ivana, Nadifa Alya, and Alfian Diko Pratama. “Kedudukan Mewaris Dari Orang Yang Hilang Dalam Perspektif Hukum Waris Islam” 4, no. 2 (2024): 50–55.
Umar, Wahyudi, Rasmuddin, and Andi Hikmawanti. “Pembagian Harta Bersama Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam: Implementasi Moral Justice Dan Social Justice.” Jurnal Al-Ahkam: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 5, no. 1 (2023): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.47435/al-ahkam.v5i1.1724.
Widodo, Joko, and M Ridwan Al Murtaqi. “Sistem Pembagian Harta Waris Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Adat.” ASY-SYARI’AH; Jurnal Hukum Islam 9, no. 2 (2023): 2548–5903. https://ejournal.unzah.ac.id/index.php/assyariah/article/view/948.
Yunus, Fakhrurrazi M., Husni A. Jalil, and Shafiratunnisa. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Pembagian Harta Warisan Ahli Waris Pengganti Pada Putusan Mahkamah Syar’iyyah No 245/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Bna.” El-Usrah 5, no. 1 (2022): 183–95. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v5i1.7730.
Djaja S. Meliala. Hukum Waris (Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). Jejak Pustaka. 2023.
Esti Royani, “Pembagian Harta Bersama Akibat Perceraian Yang Berkeadilan Pancasila,” Zahir Publishing 3 (2021): 1–285.
Literasi Nusantara, Kompilasi Hukum Islam,” Hukum 8, no. 1 (2021): 22–29.
Imam Jahuhari. Hukum Waris Islam. Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr, 2021.