Development of a Prototype IoT-Based Soil Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System for Shallot Plants
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Abstract
Red onions are widely used by the community and intensively cultivated by farmers despite their relatively short growing period. This plant is susceptible to excessive rainfall, which can cause rot. To address this issue, the greenhouse concept provides a solution for maintaining a stable growing environment. Internet of Things (IoT) technology offers an innovative approach through a Smart Greenhouse system capable of automatically monitoring and controlling environmental conditions. In this study, the device was successfully designed and implemented using several key components, including an ESP32, DHT11 sensor, soil moisture sensor, LDR sensor, relay, DC pump, and 9V battery. Testing over three days demonstrated that the device effectively responded to environmental changes. The water pump will activate automatically when soil moisture levels drop below 49%, while the cooling fan turns on when the ambient temperature exceeds 30°C. This system maintains the stability of the microclimate around the red onion growing medium while addressing the need for automation in temperature and humidity management. As such, the Smart Greenhouse system is expected to assist farmers in addressing climate change challenges, reduce reliance on human labor, and enhance the efficiency of red onion cultivation.
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