Analysis of Sharia Compliance in Halal E-Commerce Transaction Mechanisms in Indonesia: Literature Study and DSN-MUI Fatwa
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid growth of the digital economy ecosystem in Indonesia, with a projected Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) reaching $90 billion by 2024, has created a fundamental transformation in people's transaction patterns from conventional to digital. This phenomenon brings new urgency to Islamic law discussions, especially regarding the uncertainty (gharar) that arises due to the loss of physical interaction and the potential for usury in digital payment instruments. This study aims to critically analyze the transaction mechanisms on marketplace platforms in Indonesia to ensure their compliance with the principles of fiqh muamalah and the normative standards of the DSN-MUI Fatwa, specifically Fatwa No. 110/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 concerning Buying and Selling and Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 concerning Electronic Money (National Sharia Council Fatwa No: 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 Concerning Guidelines for Implementing Investments for Sharia Mutual Funds, 2001). Using qualitative methods and a library research approach, this study analyzes Terms and Conditions documents and contemporary fiqh literature to test the validity of the contract. Key findings from this study indicate that the architecture of modern e-commerce transactions has inherently adopted the principle of Bai' as-Salam contracts, where the potential for gharar is mitigated through detailed and specific product descriptions . Furthermore, this study confirms that the digital ijab qabul mechanism through a click action ('buy' or 'checkout') is valid according to sharia as a mu'athah contract based on custom ('urf) and willingness . However, research also identified a critical area in e-wallet usage, where promotions in the form of discounts and cashback could potentially fall into usury if the underlying deposit contract is a loan (qardh) that requires additional benefits, unless it is purely a marketing strategy (ju'alah) without binding conditions. Finally, the dispute resolution and return features are identified as modern manifestations of the rights of khiyar 'aib and khiyar ru'yah, which guarantee the protection of Muslim consumers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Internasional”, Jurnal Hukum Humaniter Volume 3, Nomor 5, 2007,
Adil Alfarizi Nst, & Imsar Imsar. (2025). Analisis Fiqih Muamalah dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Online Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi, Akuntansi, Dan Pajak, 2(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.61132/jieap.v2i3.1543
Ahmad Khaerul, Ahmad Khoirul Anam Assafi’i, Munawaroh, Naiela Nur Syarifah, Najwa Arsy Zahwara, Uma Mufida, W. M. (2024). Fiqh Muamalah Di Era Digital: Tantangan, Transformasi, Dan Solusi Dalam Konteks Ekonomi Islam Modern.
Akbar, A. (2018). Analisis Transaksi Akad Salam Dalam Jual Beli Online. EKSISBANK: Ekonomi Syariah Dan Bisnis Perbankan, 2(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.37726/ee.v2i2.47
Albar, K., Misbach, I., & Muin, R. (2024). Value Theory in Islamic Economics : Implications for Market Structures and Pricing Mechanisms. 08(2), 233–244.
ANWAR, K. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen Pada Pembelian Mistery Box Di E-Commerce Perspektif Fatwa Dsn Mui. 4(1), 9–15.
APJII. (2024). Laporan survei presentasi & prilaku internet indonesia 2024.
Arangga, F., Firmansyah, M. A., & Mangkurat, U. L. (2023). Akad dan Hukum Jual Beli Online Pada Transaksi Digital dalam Perspektif Islam. Jurnal Religion: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 2(4), 1027.
Bijker, R., Merkouris, S. S., Dowling, N. A., & Rodda, S. N. (2024). ChatGPT for Automated Qualitative Research: Content Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26. https://doi.org/10.2196/59050
BPS. (2025). Cerita data statistik untuk indonesia (Vol. 2, Issue 9).
Budiutono, S. (2023). Analisis Asimetris Informasi: Perilaku Konsumen Pada Pasar Online. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Ilmu Ekonomi, VII, 645–658.
Chand, S. P. (2025). Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research : Interviews , Focus Groups , Observations , and Document Analysis Triangulation in qualitative research Interviews in qualitative research. 6(1), 303–317. https://doi.org/10.25082/AERE.2025.01.001
Cindy Ainurrohmah, Angga Aditya Cahyono, I. T. L. (2024). Penerapan Akad Salam Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Online: Antara Syariah Dan Praktik Bisnis. Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Sosial Keagamaan, 2(2), 382–386. https://jurnal.ittc.web.id/index.php/jkis/index
Devica, F. S. (2023). Sistem Retur dalam Jual Beli Perspektif Fikih Muamalah (Studi Kasus Toko Fabillo Collection Situbondo). Journal of Islamic Business Law, 7(4), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.18860/jibl.v7i4.3949
Erizal, E. (2025). Akad Jual Beli Salam Dalam Perspektif Islam. Jurnal Al-Mizan, 12(1), 1–16. https://ejournal.unisai.ac.id/index.php/jiam/article/view/977
Fahriana Nurrisaa, Dina Herminab, N. (2025). Pendekatan Kualitatif dalam Penelitian : Strategi , Tahapan , dan Analisis Data. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran ( JTPP ), 02(03), 793–800.
Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No: 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Investasi untuk Reksa Dana Syariah. (2001).
Ferly, B., Melinda, R., & Jasmit, R. E. (2024). Analysis of The Validaty of The Go-Pay Contract in The Perspective of Muamalah Fiqh. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Keislaman, 11, 71–80.
Firdiyanti, S. I. (2021). Hukum Islam Pemberian Cashback Pada Transaksi Jual-Beli Online. Jurnal Eksyar (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah), 08(02), 340–361.
Google, T. & B. (2023). Reaching new heights: Navigating the path to profitable growth. 124.
Hariman Surya Siregar, K. K. (2019). Fikih Muamalah Teori dan implemenTasi Penulis: In PT REMAJA ROSDAKARYA Bandung.
Hidarya, I., Salsabila Noor, R., Nanongsudarna, & Ramdhoni, I. (2025). Transformasi Akad Jual Beli Di Era Digital Tinjauan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Pada Transaksi Di Toko Modern. Sharia: Jurnal Kajian Islam, 2(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.59757/sharia.v1i2.74
Inuddanis, & Santika, A. (2024). Implementasi Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor: 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 Tentang Uang Elektronik (E-Money). At-Tasharruf “Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Syariah,” 6(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.32528/at.v6i1.1772
Izzan, A., & Piandi, A. (2022). Konsep Uang Digital Di Aplikasi Dana Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (JHESY), 1(1), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.37968/jhesy.v1i1.199
Latifah, L., & Suadi, A. (2025). ‘ Urf Tentang Jual Beli Mu ’ athoh Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah ( Studi Kasus di Mini Market Najma Mart Lombok Timur ). 4(3), 7576–7584.
Lestari, W. P. (2025). Estimasi nilai transaksi e-comerce di indonesia tahun 2021-2025. In USNI (pp. 1–13).
Lintang Fitriana, N. (2025). Penerapan Akad Jual Beli Dalam Bisnis Modern Menurut Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Akademik, 2(2), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.61722/jmia.v2i2.4272
Ma’rifah, N. (2021). Analisis Fatwa DSN-MUI no. 110/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 terhadap akad Khiyār Dalam Jual Beli Online Sistem Cod Di Toko Online Shop Vy. Shopcollection. In Skripsi (Issue 110).
Mada, U. G., & Indonesia, Y. (2025). Transformasi Akad Jual Beli Syariah pada Bisnis Modern : Tinjauan Hukum dan Sengketa yang Muncul. 3.
Mohune, S., Toloh, V. V, & Pilomonu, M. S. (2023). Analisis Kesesuaian Barang dalam Transaksi Akad Salam Di Marketplace Shopee (Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa PMM Batch 3 Inbound Universitas Muhammadiyah …. Jurnal Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 2(3), 359–369. https://jamak.fe.ung.ac.id/index.php/jamak/article/view/116%0Ahttps://jamak.fe.ung.ac.id/index.php/jamak/article/download/116/99
Ningsih, P. K. (2021). Fiqh Muamalah. In Rajawali Pers.
Nurjannah, Fadel, M., & Asti, M. J. A. J. (2023). Eksistensi Hak Khiyar Pada Jual Beli Sebagai Perlindungan Konsumen Dalam Islam. Al-Kajraj, 3(1).
Permana, I., & Putria, U. (2022). Implementation of Akad Al-Wakalah in Economic Transactions in Sharia Financial Institutions. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 6(2), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v6i2.8462
Qizwini, J. (2025). Inovasi Teknologi dan Transformasi Industri Halal di Indonesia. Perbanas Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.56174/pjieb.v5i1.282
Reza, M., Nasrullah, S., & Zaibi, N. (2025). Konsep Akad Salam pada Jual Beli Pre Order Online Shop dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Islam sebagai agama mayoritas yang ada di Indonesia memiliki dampak yang besar pada pola hidup masyarakatnya . Setiap tindakan dari umat Islam tidak terlepas dari pedoman. Tasyri’ Journal of Islamic Law, 4(1), 417–434.
RIJANI, A., AFRIZA, M. S., & ARKANSYAH, M. J. (2023). JUAL BELI ONLINE DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN MADZHAB ASY-SYAFI’I. LPM Jurnal Kampus.
Rizki, D. (2024). Dampak Era Digital Terhadap Perlindungan KonsumenDalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jurnal AL-MAQASID: Jurnal Ilmu Kesyariahan Dan Keperdataan, 10(2), 246–261.
Rozalina Mirwan, Titin Suprihatin, & Nandang Ihwanudin. (2025). Analisis Akad Salam pada Transaksi Jual Beli Melalui E-Commerce. Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 7(7), 2025–2042. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v7i7.6838
Safera, N. (2025). Implementasi Khiyar ‘Aib Pada Transkasi Jual Beli Produk Fashion Muslim di Butik Inayah Menurut Hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 4(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.37968/jhesy.v4i1.1280
Safitri, M., & Suparmin, S. (2025). Perlindungan Konsumen atas Penggantian Produk tanpa Kesepakatan di Marketplace Shopee Perspektif Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 144/DSN-MUI/XII/2021. Al-Sulthaniyah, 14(2), 434–445. https://doi.org/10.37567/al-sulthaniyah.v14i2.4180
Sutisna, D. (2020). Panorama Maqashid syariah.
Ulum, M., & Mun, A. (2025). Akad Bisnis dalam Platform Digital E-Commerce : Perspektif Kitab Fathul Qorib. 3(October), 99–106.
Ummah, M. S. (2019). Potensi dan Tantangan Implementasi Akad Wakalah bil Ujrah pada Transaksi Bisnis Syariah Modern. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1), 1–14. http://scioteca.caf.com/bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Vandawat, Z., Chumiada, B., S, S. A., Silvia, F., Sabrie, H. Y., & Agustin, E. (2024). Perlindungan Konsumen Pada Industri Halal Di Era Digital Marketing Bagi Masyarakat Di Desa Ngadi , Kabupaten Kediri. 6, 588–592.
Widiastuti, M. (2024). Misinformasi Produk Elektronik Hak Khiyar: Dan Perlindungan Konsumen Belanja Online Di Era Digital.
Widiastuti, N., & Arifin, F. (2021). Sharing Economy sebagai Tren Baru di Era Digital: Studi Kasus pada Startup Berbasis Teknologi. Jurnal Manajemen Inovasi, 9(4), 67–80.
Zahrah, A., & Darmastuti, S. (2024). Inklusivitas Ekonomi Digital di Kawasan Asia Tenggara pada Kepemimpinan ASEAN 20233. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(3), 1289–1302.