Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Komersialisasi Potret Individu pada Car Free Day menurut Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik
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Penggunaan potret individu yang diambil dalam kegiatan Car Free Day menimbulkan persoalan hukum ketika gambar tersebut disebarkan atau dikomersialisasikan melalui media elektronik tanpa persetujuan orang yang dipotret. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualifikasi hukum komersialisasi potret individu di ruang publik serta bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana pelakunya menurut hukum Indonesia, khususnya Pasal 26 Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Pelindungan Data Pribadi, dan Pasal 12 Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada upaya membedakan dokumentasi publik yang wajar, penggunaan jurnalistik, dan eksploitasi komersial potret individu tanpa izin di ruang publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengambilan foto di ruang publik tidak secara otomatis menjadi tindak pidana. Namun, pertanggungjawaban pidana dapat timbul apabila potret diproses, disebarkan, dimanipulasi, atau digunakan melalui media elektronik tanpa persetujuan, untuk kepentingan komersial, serta menimbulkan kerugian terhadap privasi, martabat, atau kepentingan ekonomi subjek foto. Pertanggungjawaban perdata juga dapat muncul berdasarkan prinsip perbuatan melawan hukum, sedangkan sanksi administratif dapat dikenakan apabila kewajiban pelindungan data pribadi dilanggar. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan parameter hukum yang lebih tegas untuk membedakan dokumentasi yang sah dan komersialisasi potret individu yang melanggar hukum di ruang digital.
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