Sustainable Livelihood Alternatives for Former Illegal Gold Miners in Gunung Mas Regency
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Abstract
Illegal gold mining (PETI) has long been the main source of livelihood for the community in Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan, despite causing serious environmental and social impacts. This study aims to identify sustainable livelihood alternatives for former illegal miners and analyze the challenges of transitioning to legal employment. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach through field research in Tumbang Miwan Village, using in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentary analysis. Results indicate that most former miners have shifted to small-scale farming, livestock rearing, or micro-enterprises; however, the majority remain subsistence-based due to limitations in skills, access to capital, and market opportunities. Existing government programs tend to be short-term and unsustainable, while community-based initiatives by NGOs offer promising alternative models but are constrained by scale. There is significant potential in developing ecotourism, forest commodities, and digital entrepreneurship among the younger generation, provided they are systematically supported. Socially, former miners express a desire for safer and legal livelihoods, though they still face cultural and economic barriers. This study concludes that the success of economic transition requires a contextual, inclusive, and collaborative approach based on local values and long-term commitment. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the formulation of adaptive and equitable local economic development policies in post-mining areas.
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