Transformasi Digital, Akses terhadap Modal, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Sektoral : Bukti dari UMKM di Jawa Timur Transformasi Digital dan Akses Modal Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Sektoral: Bukti dari UMKM di Jawa Timur
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Abstrak
Transformasi digital dan akses terhadap modal merupakan pendorong penting pertumbuhan ekonomi UMKM, namun dampak gabungan keduanya di tingkat regional, khususnya di Jawa Timur, masih kurang diteliti dalam literatur yang ada (Sayekti dkk., 2024; Utomo dkk., 2024). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh simultan transformasi digital dan akses terhadap modal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sektoral UMKM di 15 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur selama periode observasi 2022-2024. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kerangka data panel yang seimbang, variabel dependen didefinisikan sebagai tingkat pertumbuhan Produk Domestik Bruto Regional (PDB) sektoral UMKM, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari Indeks Transformasi Digital (DTI) dan Rasio Kredit UMKM (CR), ditambah dengan pertumbuhan tenaga kerja UMKM (LG) dan investasi modal tetap (INV) sebagai variabel kontrol. Model estimasi yang dilakukan menggunakan Model Efek Tetap (FEM) dan hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa transformasi digital memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi UMKM. Demikian pula, akses terhadap modal menghasilkan efek positif dan signifikan. Pertumbuhan tenaga kerja UMKM juga memberikan kontribusi positif, sedangkan investasi modal tetap tidak menunjukkan efek yang signifikan secara statistik dalam periode studi. Secara kolektif, model ini menjelaskan 78,4% variasi dalam pertumbuhan PDB sektor UMKM. Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya strategi penguatan ekosistem digital dan perluasan akses terhadap pembiayaan formal sebagai pengungkit kebijakan penting untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi UMKM yang inklusif dan mendorong pembangunan ekonomi regional yang berkelanjutan.
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