Pharmacist Counselling and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among HIV Patients at Hospital X
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Abstract
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for achieving viral suppression, maintaining immune function, and preventing HIV transmission. However, medication adherence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, potentially increasing the risk of treatment failure and antiretroviral drug resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pharmacist counseling on ART adherence among HIV patients at Hospital X, North Jakarta. A quantitative study using a single-arm pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was conducted from February to April 2026. A total of 24 HIV patients receiving fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy were recruited using a total sampling technique. Medication adherence was measured before and after the pharmacist counseling intervention using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test because the pretest and posttest scores did not follow a normal distribution. Most participants were male (87.5%), aged 25–49 years (66.7%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for 1–3 years (70.8%). All participants received fixed-dose combination therapy, consisting of TLE (54.2%) and TLD (45.8%) regimens. Before counseling, 87.5% of participants demonstrated low medication adherence, while none achieved high adherence. Following the intervention, the proportion of patients with low adherence decreased to 37.5%, whereas medium and high adherence increased to 41.7% and 20.8%, respectively. The mean MMAS-8 score increased from 3.18 ± 0.40 before counseling to 6.53 ± 0.24 afterward, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that pharmacist counseling significantly improves ART adherence among HIV patients. Therefore, structured pharmacist counseling should be integrated into routine HIV pharmaceutical care and accompanied by strategies addressing medication side effects and psychosocial support to sustain adherence and optimize treatment outcomes.
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