Effect of Extraction Methods on Total Alkaloid Content of Mimosa pudica L. Leaves
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Abstract
Mimosa pudica L. leaves contain alkaloids with potential pharmacological activities, and the extraction method may influence alkaloid recovery. This study aimed to analyze the effects of maceration, Soxhlet, and reflux extraction on the total alkaloid content of Mimosa pudica L. leaf extracts. A comparative laboratory experimental design was employed using dried leaf powder extracted with 70% ethanol. Qualitative alkaloid identification was performed using Wagner’s and Dragendorff’s reagents, while total alkaloid content was determined by UV–Visible spectrophotometry using the bromocresol green (BCG) ion-pair complex method and caffeine as the reference standard. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. Screening confirmed alkaloids in all extracts. The mean total alkaloid contents obtained by maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction were 45.54, 17.45, and 15.23 mg caffeine equivalent per gram of extract (mg CE/g extract), respectively. ANOVA revealed a significant difference among extraction methods (F = 722.847, p < 0.001). Tukey’s HSD test showed that maceration produced significantly higher total alkaloid content than reflux and Soxhlet extraction (p < 0.001). However, the difference between reflux and Soxhlet was not statistically significant (p = 0.102). In conclusion, maceration yielded the highest total alkaloid content and may be considered a suitable conventional extraction method for obtaining Mimosa pudica L. leaf extracts with higher alkaloid content.
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