Assessment of Antihypertensive Drug Use in Central Jakarta's Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital Outpatients
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health concern that requires appropriate pharmacological management to prevent cardiovascular complications and improve patients’ quality of life. Rational use of antihypertensive medications is essential to ensure treatment safety, effectiveness, and adherence to clinical practice guidelines. This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, identify antihypertensive prescribing patterns, and evaluate the appropriateness of antihypertensive drug use among outpatients at Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. A descriptive retrospective observational design was employed using medical records of hypertensive outpatients treated between January and March 2026. A total of 221 patients were selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on patient characteristics, prescribed medications, indications, drug selection, and dosages were collected and analyzed descriptively. The appropriateness of medication use was evaluated according to four indicators based on the 2019 Consensus Guidelines of the Indonesian Hypertension Society (PERHI), namely patient appropriateness, indication appropriateness, drug selection appropriateness, and dosage appropriateness. The results showed that female patients predominated, accounting for 149 patients (67.42%), while patients aged 65 years and older represented the largest age group, with 71 patients (32.13%). Amlodipine was the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication, with 142 prescriptions, followed by candesartan with 115 prescriptions and bisoprolol with 59 prescriptions. Regarding treatment appropriateness, 216 patients (97.74%) met the patient-appropriateness criteria, 209 (94.57%) met the indication criteria, 218 (98.64%) received appropriate drug selection, and 216 (97.74%) received appropriate dosages. These findings indicate that antihypertensive prescribing at Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital generally complied with the 2019 PERHI guidelines. Nevertheless, discrepancies in indications, patient selection, drug combinations, and dosages highlight the importance of continuous prescription evaluation and monitoring. Regular medication reviews and improved clinical documentation are recommended to maintain patient safety, optimize therapeutic outcomes, and strengthen the quality of pharmaceutical services for individuals with hypertension.
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