Analisis Faktor Kepatuhan Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Vaksinasi Influenza A di Asia: Tinjauan Naratif
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Influenza A merupakan penyakit pernapasan menular dengan beban global tinggi, menyebabkan 3–5 juta kasus berat dan hingga 650.000 kematian per tahun. Tenaga kesehatan (nakes) memiliki risiko infeksi lebih tinggi, terutama bila tidak divaksinasi, sehingga berpotensi menularkan kepada pasien rentan. Meskipun WHO merekomendasikan vaksinasi tahunan, cakupannya masih rendah secara global (41,7%) dan lebih rendah di Asia (28,5%). Tinjauan naratif ini mensintesis faktor demografis, psikososial, dan institusional yang memengaruhi kepatuhan vaksinasi influenza A pada nakes di Asia. Pencarian literatur dilakukan di PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar untuk artikel berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia terbit 2020–2025. Empat studi primer memenuhi kriteria inklusi, seluruhnya berasal dari Tiongkok. Cakupan vaksinasi pada nakes bervariasi luas (1,36%–67,5%), sementara tingkat kesediaan umumnya lebih tinggi. Faktor pendorong meliputi persepsi risiko yang meningkat, keyakinan terhadap keamanan dan efektivitas vaksin, serta akses vaksin yang mudah. Faktor penghambat mencakup biaya vaksin, keraguan keamanan, rendahnya persepsi risiko pribadi, kurangnya informasi atau pelatihan, dan minimnya dukungan institusi.
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