Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Burnout Pada Pekerja Lepas Pantai (Offshore)
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Jul 15, 2024
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Latar Belakang: Dampak besar akibat terjadinya burnout pada pekerja offshore seperti kondisi kerja secara fisik dan psikologis yang tidak memadai telah terbukti berkaitan dengan hasil kesehatan yang merugikan diantara para pekerja, termasuk munculnya berbagai penyakit, tingkat stres yang meningkat, konsentrasi yang berkurang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang berujung pada penurunan produktivitas. Dampak tersebut merupakan sebagian kecil dari konsep Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) yang merupakan salah satu pilar dari Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3). Tujuan: mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai (offshore). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis observasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dimana peneliti hanya melakukan pengamatan pada para pekerja offshore di Kapal Belait CSS-1. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik non-probability purposive sampling sehingga mendapatkan 80 sampel. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat hubungan antara usia (p = 0,021), pendidikan (p = 0,000), status pernikahan (p = 0,021), masa kerja (p = 0,038), jenis pekerjaan (p = 0,000), stres kerja (p = 0,000), dan beban kerja (p = 0,003) dengan burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai. Kesimpulan: Terdapat berbagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai seperti usia, pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, stres kerja dan masa kerja.
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Referensi
Abu Hanifah, M. S., & Ismail, N. (2021). Fatigue and its associated risk factors among shift workers: A systematic review. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 31(2), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20880
Artz, B., Kaya, I., & Kaya, O. (2022). Gender role perspectives and job burnout. Review of Economics of the Household, 20(2), 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09579-2
Asih, G. Y., Widhiastuti, H., & Dewi, R. (2018). Stress Kerja. Semarang University Press.
Baka, Ł., & Bazińska, R. (2016). Polish adaptation of three self-report measures of job stressors: the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, the Quantitative Workload Inventory and the Organizational Constraints Scale. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 22(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1116816
Baygi, F., Mohammadian Khonsari, N., Seif, E., Asayesh, H., & Qorbani, M. (2022). The mental health status of offshore oil platform workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1009602
Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Thompson, L. A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2019). Fatigue and its management in the workplace. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 96, 272–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024
Cañadas-De la Fuente, G., Ortega, E., Ramirez-Baena, L., De la Fuente-Solana, E., Vargas, C., & Gómez-Urquiza, J. (2018). Gender, Marital Status, and Children as Risk Factors for Burnout in Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102102
Carvalho, D. P. de, Rocha, L. P., Pinho, E. C. de, Tomaschewski-Barlem, J. G., Barlem, E. L. D., & Goulart, L. S. (2019). Workloads and burnout of nursing workers. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(6), 1435–1441. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0659
Elshaer, N. S. M., Moustafa, M. S. A., Aiad, M. W., & Ramadan, M. I. E. (2018). Job Stress and Burnout Syndrome among Critical Care Healthcare Workers. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(3), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.06.004
Fyana, L., & Rozali, Y. A. (2020). Perbedaan Burnout Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin pada Karyawan Bank ABC. JCA of Psychology, 1(2), 147–152.
Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Vargas, C., De la Fuente, E. I., Fernández-Castillo, R., & Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A. (2017). Age as a Risk Factor for Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Professionals: A Meta-Analytic Study. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21774
Johnson, S. J., Machowski, S., Holdsworth, L., Kern, M., & Zapf, D. (2017). Age, emotion regulation strategies, burnout, and engagement in the service sector: Advantages of older workers. Revista de Psicología Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 33(3), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.09.001
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014, October 28). 1 Orang Pekerja di Dunia Meninggal Setiap 15 Detik Karena Kecelakaan Kerja. Biro Komunikasi & Pelayanan Publik Kementerian Kesehatan R. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20141028/3511480/1-orang-pekerja-di-dunia-meninggal-setiap-15-detik-karena-kecelakaan-kerja/
Korneeva, Y., & Simonova, N. (2020). Job Stress and Working Capacity among Fly-In-Fly-Out Workers in the Oil and Gas Extraction Industries in the Arctic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217759
Kurniawidjaja, M., & Ramdhan, D. H. (2019). Buku Ajar Penyakit Akibat Kerja dan Surveilans. UI Publishing.
López‐López, I. M., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Cañadas, G. R., De la Fuente, E. I., Albendín‐García, L., & Cañadas‐De la Fuente, G. A. (2019). Prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses and related factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(5), 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12606
Marchand, A., Blanc, M.-E., & Beauregard, N. (2018). Do age and gender contribute to workers’ burnout symptoms? Occupational Medicine, 68(6), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy088
Marisa, P. A. A., & Utami, L. H. (2021). Kontribusi Stres Kerja dan Hardiness pada Burnout Pekerja. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 9(1), 29–40.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (2020). Maslach Burnout Inventory (TM) Instruments and Scoring Keys.
Mohammadian, M., Parsaei, H., Mokarami, H., & Kazemi, R. (2022). Cognitive demands and mental workload: A filed study of the mining control room operators. Heliyon, 8(2), e08860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08860
Murali, S., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2018). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 5(2), 13–33.
Parashakti, R. D., & Ekhsan, M. (2022). Peran Burnout sebagai Mediasi pada Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 5(1), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.609
Pavičić Žeželj, S., Cvijanović Peloza, O., Mika, F., Stamenković, S., Mahmutović Vranić, S., & Šabanagić Hajrić, S. (2019). Anxiety and depression symptoms among gas and oil industry workers. Occupational Medicine, 69(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy170
Pujiarti, P., & Idealistiana, L. (2023). Pengaruh Lama Kerja dan Beban Kerja Perawat terhadap Burnout. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing), 9(4), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v9i4.1654
Rahmadia, F., Sarianti, R., & Fitria, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Stres Pada Perawat Rumah Sakit (RSI) Ibnu Sina Payakumbuh. EcoGen, 2(2), 110–117.
Ramdan, I. . M., & Fadly, O. N. (2017). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Burnout pada Perawat Kesehatan Jiwa. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v4i2.240
Ramírez-Elvira, S., Romero-Béjar, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Monsalve-Reyes, C., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., & Albendín-García, L. (2021). Prevalence, Risk Factors and Burnout Levels in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111432
Sadeghi, M., Dadras, A., & Asadpour, A. (2020). A Study on the Rate and Causes of Workers’ Burnout in Satellite Jobs (Case: Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Sirri Island). Iieshrm, 11(43), 239–264. http://iieshrm.ir/article-1-889-en.html
Shukla, A., & Srivastava, R. (2016). Development of short questionnaire to measure an extended set of role expectation conflict, coworker support and work-life balance: The new job stress scale. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1134034
Simionato, G. K., & Simpson, S. (2018). Personal risk factors associated with burnout among psychotherapists: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(9), 1431–1456. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22615
Tang, X., & Li, X. (2021). Role Stress, Burnout, and Workplace Support Among Newly Recruited Social Workers. Research on Social Work Practice, 31(5), 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731520984534
Trianingrat, N. komang A. R., & Supartha, I. W. G. (2020). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 9(5), 1838. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2020.v09.i05.p10
Van den Broeck, A., Elst, T. Vander, Baillien, E., Sercu, M., Schouteden, M., De Witte, H., & Godderis, L. (2017). Job Demands, Job Resources, Burnout, Work Engagement, and Their Relationships. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 59(4), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000964
Woranetipo, S., & Chavanovanich, J. (2021). Three-way Interactions of Workload, Social Support and Coping Strategy on Job Burnout. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 16(1), 58–72.
Bilah Samping Artikel
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Dampak besar akibat terjadinya burnout pada pekerja offshore seperti kondisi kerja secara fisik dan psikologis yang tidak memadai telah terbukti berkaitan dengan hasil kesehatan yang merugikan diantara para pekerja, termasuk munculnya berbagai penyakit, tingkat stres yang meningkat, konsentrasi yang berkurang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kecelakaan kerja yang berujung pada penurunan produktivitas. Dampak tersebut merupakan sebagian kecil dari konsep Penyakit Akibat Kerja (PAK) yang merupakan salah satu pilar dari Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3). Tujuan: mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai (offshore). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis observasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, dimana peneliti hanya melakukan pengamatan pada para pekerja offshore di Kapal Belait CSS-1. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik non-probability purposive sampling sehingga mendapatkan 80 sampel. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat hubungan antara usia (p = 0,021), pendidikan (p = 0,000), status pernikahan (p = 0,021), masa kerja (p = 0,038), jenis pekerjaan (p = 0,000), stres kerja (p = 0,000), dan beban kerja (p = 0,003) dengan burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai. Kesimpulan: Terdapat berbagai faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi burnout pada pekerja lepas pantai seperti usia, pendidikan, jenis pekerjaan, stres kerja dan masa kerja.
Rincian Artikel
Referensi
Abu Hanifah, M. S., & Ismail, N. (2021). Fatigue and its associated risk factors among shift workers: A systematic review. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 31(2), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20880
Artz, B., Kaya, I., & Kaya, O. (2022). Gender role perspectives and job burnout. Review of Economics of the Household, 20(2), 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-021-09579-2
Asih, G. Y., Widhiastuti, H., & Dewi, R. (2018). Stress Kerja. Semarang University Press.
Baka, Ł., & Bazińska, R. (2016). Polish adaptation of three self-report measures of job stressors: the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, the Quantitative Workload Inventory and the Organizational Constraints Scale. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 22(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2015.1116816
Baygi, F., Mohammadian Khonsari, N., Seif, E., Asayesh, H., & Qorbani, M. (2022). The mental health status of offshore oil platform workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1009602
Caldwell, J. A., Caldwell, J. L., Thompson, L. A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2019). Fatigue and its management in the workplace. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 96, 272–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.024
Cañadas-De la Fuente, G., Ortega, E., Ramirez-Baena, L., De la Fuente-Solana, E., Vargas, C., & Gómez-Urquiza, J. (2018). Gender, Marital Status, and Children as Risk Factors for Burnout in Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102102
Carvalho, D. P. de, Rocha, L. P., Pinho, E. C. de, Tomaschewski-Barlem, J. G., Barlem, E. L. D., & Goulart, L. S. (2019). Workloads and burnout of nursing workers. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 72(6), 1435–1441. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0659
Elshaer, N. S. M., Moustafa, M. S. A., Aiad, M. W., & Ramadan, M. I. E. (2018). Job Stress and Burnout Syndrome among Critical Care Healthcare Workers. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(3), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.06.004
Fyana, L., & Rozali, Y. A. (2020). Perbedaan Burnout Ditinjau dari Jenis Kelamin pada Karyawan Bank ABC. JCA of Psychology, 1(2), 147–152.
Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Vargas, C., De la Fuente, E. I., Fernández-Castillo, R., & Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A. (2017). Age as a Risk Factor for Burnout Syndrome in Nursing Professionals: A Meta-Analytic Study. Research in Nursing & Health, 40(2), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21774
Johnson, S. J., Machowski, S., Holdsworth, L., Kern, M., & Zapf, D. (2017). Age, emotion regulation strategies, burnout, and engagement in the service sector: Advantages of older workers. Revista de Psicología Del Trabajo y de Las Organizaciones, 33(3), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2017.09.001
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014, October 28). 1 Orang Pekerja di Dunia Meninggal Setiap 15 Detik Karena Kecelakaan Kerja. Biro Komunikasi & Pelayanan Publik Kementerian Kesehatan R. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20141028/3511480/1-orang-pekerja-di-dunia-meninggal-setiap-15-detik-karena-kecelakaan-kerja/
Korneeva, Y., & Simonova, N. (2020). Job Stress and Working Capacity among Fly-In-Fly-Out Workers in the Oil and Gas Extraction Industries in the Arctic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217759
Kurniawidjaja, M., & Ramdhan, D. H. (2019). Buku Ajar Penyakit Akibat Kerja dan Surveilans. UI Publishing.
López‐López, I. M., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Cañadas, G. R., De la Fuente, E. I., Albendín‐García, L., & Cañadas‐De la Fuente, G. A. (2019). Prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses and related factors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 28(5), 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12606
Marchand, A., Blanc, M.-E., & Beauregard, N. (2018). Do age and gender contribute to workers’ burnout symptoms? Occupational Medicine, 68(6), 405–411. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy088
Marisa, P. A. A., & Utami, L. H. (2021). Kontribusi Stres Kerja dan Hardiness pada Burnout Pekerja. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 9(1), 29–40.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., Leiter, M. P., Schaufeli, W. B., & Schwab, R. L. (2020). Maslach Burnout Inventory (TM) Instruments and Scoring Keys.
Mohammadian, M., Parsaei, H., Mokarami, H., & Kazemi, R. (2022). Cognitive demands and mental workload: A filed study of the mining control room operators. Heliyon, 8(2), e08860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08860
Murali, S., Basit, A., & Hassan, Z. (2018). Impact of Job Stress on Employee Performance. International Journal of Accounting and Business Management, 5(2), 13–33.
Parashakti, R. D., & Ekhsan, M. (2022). Peran Burnout sebagai Mediasi pada Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah), 5(1), 365–373. https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v5i1.609
Pavičić Žeželj, S., Cvijanović Peloza, O., Mika, F., Stamenković, S., Mahmutović Vranić, S., & Šabanagić Hajrić, S. (2019). Anxiety and depression symptoms among gas and oil industry workers. Occupational Medicine, 69(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy170
Pujiarti, P., & Idealistiana, L. (2023). Pengaruh Lama Kerja dan Beban Kerja Perawat terhadap Burnout. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing), 9(4), 354–360. https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v9i4.1654
Rahmadia, F., Sarianti, R., & Fitria, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Stres Pada Perawat Rumah Sakit (RSI) Ibnu Sina Payakumbuh. EcoGen, 2(2), 110–117.
Ramdan, I. . M., & Fadly, O. N. (2017). Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Burnout pada Perawat Kesehatan Jiwa. Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v4i2.240
Ramírez-Elvira, S., Romero-Béjar, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Monsalve-Reyes, C., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., & Albendín-García, L. (2021). Prevalence, Risk Factors and Burnout Levels in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111432
Sadeghi, M., Dadras, A., & Asadpour, A. (2020). A Study on the Rate and Causes of Workers’ Burnout in Satellite Jobs (Case: Iranian Offshore Oil Company in Sirri Island). Iieshrm, 11(43), 239–264. http://iieshrm.ir/article-1-889-en.html
Shukla, A., & Srivastava, R. (2016). Development of short questionnaire to measure an extended set of role expectation conflict, coworker support and work-life balance: The new job stress scale. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1134034
Simionato, G. K., & Simpson, S. (2018). Personal risk factors associated with burnout among psychotherapists: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(9), 1431–1456. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22615
Tang, X., & Li, X. (2021). Role Stress, Burnout, and Workplace Support Among Newly Recruited Social Workers. Research on Social Work Practice, 31(5), 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731520984534
Trianingrat, N. komang A. R., & Supartha, I. W. G. (2020). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 9(5), 1838. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2020.v09.i05.p10
Van den Broeck, A., Elst, T. Vander, Baillien, E., Sercu, M., Schouteden, M., De Witte, H., & Godderis, L. (2017). Job Demands, Job Resources, Burnout, Work Engagement, and Their Relationships. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 59(4), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000964
Woranetipo, S., & Chavanovanich, J. (2021). Three-way Interactions of Workload, Social Support and Coping Strategy on Job Burnout. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 16(1), 58–72.